What's NEW?
1st
Asia-Arab Sustainable Energy Forum (AASEF) Concludes in Nagoya
The
Asia-Arab Sustainable Energy Forum, which took place in Nagoya on
August 23 -25 with 120 people from 10 countries, along with research
groups from Chubu University, the University of Tokyo and the Tokyo
Institute of Technology, convened to discuss various aspects of
sustainability in the energy supply and the Sahara Solar Breeder
(SSB) Project, whose aim is to supply the world with electricity
generated from solar power in the Sahara Desert.
The
concluding statements are:
- Basic technologies for the direct
reduction of SiO2 purified from desert sands into solar Si have been
designed and have reached an experimental verification stage.
-
We can expect dramatic cost reductions in the fabrication of Si solar
cells with this new Si technology, making photovoltaic (PV) power
generation in the desert promising.
- Photovoltaic power
generation from the desert should benefit local communities and be
extended to the world.
- Thanks to the establishment of a
basic understanding on high Tc superconductors and the advent of low
cost superconducting tapes, development of various applications such
as superconducting dc transmission and distribution systems is
becoming reality.
- Solar Breeder (SSB) technology, which
combines desert power generation and global dc superconducting
transmission and distribution, is vitally important to a sustainable
energy future.
The 2nd and 3rd Asia-Arab Sustainable Energy
Forums will be held in Algeria next year and Hirosaski, Japan in
2013.
The SSB Project, which began in 2008, proposes that
silicon be extracted from desert sand, and used to manufacture a
large number of solar cells at low cost. Energy from the strong
sunlight in the desert will be converted into electricity, and
supplied to cities in North Africa and Europe with low loss by using
high-temperature superconductors.
In superconductivity, when a
material is cooled below a certain temperature, its electrical
resistance becomes zero. This enables power to be transmitted at
least ten times more efficiently than with conventional high-voltage
power lines. Last year, Chubu University performed an experiment,
transmitting a DC current for 200 m through low-resistance cables
using superconducting materials. This experiment was a world-first
success.
Solar cells are currently topical as an inexhaustible
energy source that does not use fossil fuel, but as their
manufacturing cost is high, they have not yet become widespread.
Therefore, research on new technology is being pursued urgently. In
the SSB Project, solar cell plants will be built near the Sahara
Desert and other deserts worldwide, prior to supplying
electricity.
AASEF delegate Professor Sataro Yamaguchi of
Chubu University said, "Superconducting technology is evolving,
and is now close to being practical. Japan, which has the most
advanced superconducting technology, should proceed with
co-development proactively. Following the nuclear accident due to the
East Japan Earthquake, energy must be safe. The SSB Project will make
that technically possible in about five years."
SSB
Project Co-founder Professor Hideomi Koinuma of the University of
Tokyo said, "The SSB Project is at the basic research stage, but
it could become a new model for energy supply to replace fossil
fuels. Although there are some economic issues, we would like to
develop the Project by 2030."
The group will encourage
oil-producing countries to provide funding, in anticipation of oil
resource depletion.
What
is Sahara Solar Breeder Project?
In
recent years, PV is proposed as a competitive energy policy and a
step forward to the target of sustainable development and
environmental friendly energy source. In this contribution a
particular attention is being given to the joint event that bring
together the relevant parties, the University of Sciences and
Technology of Oran (USTO), Japan International Corporation Agency
(JICA) and Japan Science and Technology (JST) to develop a long-term
vision and strategy to boost the ideas for the realization and the
development of the Sahara Solar Breeder (SSB) project (proposed at
G8+5 Academies meeting in Rome, 2009). SSB advocates the view of
undertaking collaborative basic, applied and development research, as
well as industrial production and technical, commercial and financial
support services to implement photovoltaic solar energy systems.
The
development and realisation of the SSB project, in the Sahara of
Algeria which covers a total area of 2,048,297 km2,
approximately 86% of the total area of the country, will tackle the
key challenges and issues related to the field of PV putting forward
the material R/D perspective and promoting innovative processes for
solar silicon with a focus on the utilisation of Sahara sands. Three
Ss should be the national energy policy drivers of Algeria namely:
Solar, Sand and Space. This event also seeks to identify the most
important challenges facing both
the research and economic sectors and put forward new strategies that
will identify the required skills to transform the research prospects
based on the analysis and prospect of elementary processes and system
design.
In
August the 4th
2010, USTO and JICA formed a joint group and signed a series of
Memorandum of understanding and bilateral agreements to announce the
creation of a Sahara
Solar Energy Research Center (SSERC), at the University of Science
and Technology of Oran (USTO), to
pursue the realisation and the development of PV plant
at the chosen experimental site at the University of Saida in the
south west of Algeria also known as the gate of the Algerian Sahara.
The most important objectives of SSB’s
energy policy and its portfolio include five basic strategies that
are:
- Basic,
applied, practical research and development, in Japan, North Africa,
the Middle East, Africa, and other regions of the world;
- Industrial
production of silicon from sand;
- Industrial
production of cells, modules, panels, and other PV devices,
- Building,
operating, networking and monitoring Very Large Scale Photovoltaic
Power Stations (VLS-PVPS);
- Environment
monitoring and gradual implementation of SSB.
Through
their active implication at the AASEF, the Algerian team (from USTO,
Saida and Adrar) has shared many of its experience with the rest of
the participants. The Algerians were able to test their capacities to
operate the changes expected from them in terms of social skills
(attitudes), to know (knowledge), of know-how (professional skills)
and to know how to make ( institutional skills). The participation of
the Algerians and their interactive methodology, which facilitated
their implication in plenary and in SSB session, have allowed them to
exchange on their diverse queries with regard to their personal
domain of research as well as their respective experiences within the
project SSB.
SSB
=
- Energy/Climate
security with global justice and development of civilisation for
whole world,
- Clever
global development strategy for solving the energy and climate
problems with existing solar grade Silicon production from Sahara
sand technology for a world in a sustainable way.
SSB:
so that the progress serves better the future of prosperity and the
security of the humanity
Sahara
Solar Breeder Foundation Official Website:
http://www.ssb-foundation.com/
Reference
(Video):
http://www.youtube.com/diginfonews#p/search/0/UdO6T1TIDzQ
Media
Contact:
SSB Project
Yojiro
Kitamura
Industry-government-academia Alliance Advisor and Global
Cooperation Coordinator
contact@ssb-foundation.com
English articles
Sahara Sand To
Be Used In Japanese, Algerian and Tunisian Solar Cell Project
Thursday, December 16, 2010
TOKYO - Japanese scientists are beginning research projects to extract
silica from sand in the Sahara Desert that will be used to make solar
batteries, in partnership with local organizations in Algeria and
Tunisia, Nikkei reporterd today.
The effort grew out of the Sahara Solar Breeder Project, in which
Hideomi Koinuma, a visiting professor at the University of Tokyo, plays
a key role, according to the paper.
The abundant sunlight in both Algeria and Tunisia makes them good
places for solar power generation, and plenty of sand from which to
extract silicon. The researchers hope to mass-produce the key material
used in solar cells at low cost.
"They aim to turn silica from sand into silicon of more than 99.9999%
purity. Sand in the Sahara is well-suited for that because the sand has
a high silica content and fewer impurities than sand from other places."
Organizations from Japan and Algeria have agreed on the joint research,
which will run into 2015. Participants include the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), the National Institute for Materials
Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology,
Hirosaki University, the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and
Scientific Research and an Algerian university. JICA is expected to
provide 300 million yen for the research, Nikkei said.
The University of Tokyo and others set up a foundation earlier this
month to promote the effort, together with Tunisian entities from the
public and private sectors.
Japanese scientists envision a large solar power plant in the Sahara
Desert that can power seawater desalination equipment, and supply
electricity to Europe through superconducting cables.
PanOrient News
http://www.panorientnews.com/en/news.php?k=584
Japanese
scientists to solve world's energy crisis, with sand
Solar power plants in the Sahara Desert
could resolve our energy predicament
25 November, 2010
A team of Japanese scientsts believe they have developed a way to
provide 50 percent of the world's energy needs from one source by 2050
-- by building solar power plants in the Sahara desert.
Deserts contain abundant silica, the raw material for silicon, and the
scientists' plan, called "The Sahara Solar Breeder Project," involves
building silicon-manufacturing plants powered by the sun, which can
then breed into further plants and more power.
Training local scientists
According to DigInfo TV, the sun delivers 10,000 times more energy to
the Earth than mankind currently uses, so catching 0.01 percent of it
would create a surplus.
The Japanese team includes The University of Tokyo Hirosaki University,
NIMS Tokyo Institute of Technology, Chubu University and the National
Institute of Informatics and they have begun working with partners in
Algeria.
"The total research expenditure will be \100 million annually for five
years, but that won't be enough to complete the project," says Hideomi
Koinuma, guest professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
"Nevertheless, we want to establish basic technology for providing an
ultimate solution to the energy problem, which must be done before a
global crisis occurs."
The project will require cooperation from countries across North Africa
and the Japanese scientists have a second goal, to train the scientists
of the future in the region.
"Rather than just bringing well-understood technology from developed
countries to developing ones and teaching people how to use it, it's
important to do R&D together, right from the start, on technology
that isn't yet understood. Because technology hasn't yet been
established for making silicon from desert sand, then using it to make
solar cells, our aim is to work together from the basic research stage,
so we can discover and nurture talented scientists and engineers in
Africa," explains Koinuma.
http://www.cnngo.com/tokyo/life/japanese-scientists-aim-save-worlds-energy-crisis-973318
Sahara
Seen as Key to Self-Replicating Energy
Project Aims
to Supply Half of the World's Energy by 2050
Dec. 1, 2010
(Discover) It’s such a
fertile time in the green technology sector, solar power plants may
soon begin reproducing.
Using two resources that the Sahara has plenty of, sun and sand, the
Sahara Solar Breeder Project hopes to build factories that will refine
the sand’s silica into silicon. That silicon will be used to
build solar panels, which will power more silica-refining and solar
panel factories, which will be able to build more solar panels, and on
and on and on.
The potential for exponential growth allows for some extreme optimism:
The project’s leaders say they could build enough power stations to
meet half of the world’s energy needs by 2050. Project leader Hideomi
Koinuma believes the project is key to solving the world’s energy
crisis, saying:
"If we can use desert sand to make a substance that provides energy,
this will be the key to solving the energy problem. This is probably
doable. Moreover, the energy we continually receive from the Sun is
10,000 times the energy currently used by mankind. So if we can utilize
0.01% of it skillfully, we won’t have a shortage of energy, but a
surplus.” [DigInfo
TV]
The Sahara desert is about the size of the United States, but instead
of being full of people and farms and towns the Sahara is almost empty
of everything. Everything except sand, that is. Three and a half
million square miles of it.
"From the viewpoints of quality, quantity and chemistry, Sahara sand is
hard to beat for use as silicon for solar cells,” Koinuma says. [New
Scientist]
Though Koinuma is bursting with enthusiasm, desert sand has never been
used to produce silicon-based solar panels before, so the team will
have to perfect that technology first. Once they start building
factories, they’ll have to cope with environmental hazards in the
desert like sandstorms and shifting dunes.
If all of those endeavors are successful, the energy produced by the
station will still need to be transferred from the desert to areas that
need it, which requires superconducting power lines kept cold by liquid
nitrogen-a technology which is difficult to handle in the best of
circumstances, let alone in the middle of the empty desert. Koinuma
believes the superconducting lines would be cost-effective, though
another company called the Desertec Foundation is working on the same
problem with a different approach.
"There is not really a need for superconductors. By using high-voltage
direct current transmission lines it is possible to transport clean
power from the deserts over long distances to centers of consumption,”
says the Desertec spokesman - adding that the technology is already
used in dozens of projects worldwide. “Transmission losses are fairly
low - around 3 per cent per 1000 kilometres. Unlike superconductors,
there is no need for cooling, while power transmission costs are just
1￠ to 2￠ per kilowatt-hour.” [New Scientist]
It will be interesting to see how the two projects play out-in the
Sahara, there’s plenty of room for competition.
The Sahara Solar Breeder Project is currently supported by Japan’s
International Cooperation Agency and Science and Technology Agency,
universities in Algeria, and the International Research Project on
Global Issues, which is providing funding for the problem-solving
phase-a little over a million dollars a year for five years.
Here’s the in-depth video from DigInfo TV:
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/12/01/tech/main7108204.shtml
Sun and sand breed Sahara solar power
* 15:03 30 November 2010 by Michael Fitzpatrick
Life might take a hammering on the sun's earthly anvil, the Sahara
desert, but the two most abundant resources the desert has to offer –
sunlight and sand – could help solar power to "breed" and thrive there.
The Sahara Solar Breeder Project is a joint initiative by universities
in Japan and Algeria that aims to build enough solar power stations by
2050 to supply 50 per cent of the energy used by humanity.
The idea is to begin by building a small number of silicon
manufacturing plants in the Sahara, each turning the desert sand into
the high-quality silicon needed to build solar panels. Once those
panels are operating, some of the energy they generate will be used to
build more silicon plants, each churning out more solar panels and
generating more energy that can be used to build even more plants, and
so on.
Hideomi Koinuma at the University of Tokyo leads the Japanese end of
the project. He admits that making silicon panels from the rough sands
of the Sahara or other deserts has not been attempted before, but says
it is a logical choice.
"From the viewpoints of quality, quantity and chemistry, Sahara sand is
hard to beat for use as silicon for solar cells," he says.
Rivals for power
The Algerian-Japanese effort is by no means alone in targeting the
Sahara for solar power. The Desertec Foundation, set up last year to
promote "clean power from deserts", also aims to generate solar power
in the region.
Desertec has a more modest goal – it is dedicated to supplying only 15
per cent of Europe's electricity by 2050. Nor does Desertec plan to use
Sahara sand for its solar panels.
Desertec hails the new breeder project as "a positive contribution
towards climate protection". However, a spokesman said he was puzzled
over the choice of energy delivery by the new scheme.
Koinuma wants to use "high-temperature" superconductors to distribute
the power as direct current – more efficient than a conventional
alternating current. Despite their name, high-temperature
superconductors typically operate at around -240 °C, and the long power
lines will require a formidable cooling system.
"There is not really a need for superconductors. By using high-voltage
direct current transmission lines it is possible to transport clean
power from the deserts over long distances to centres of consumption,"
says the Desertec spokesman – adding that the technology is already
used in dozens of projects worldwide.
"Transmission losses are fairly low – around 3 per cent per 1000
kilometres. Unlike superconductors, there is no need for cooling, while
power transmission costs are just 1￠ to 2￠ per kilowatt-hour."
Koinuma disagrees. He sees the potential for linking the Sahara-powered
stations to a special network of supercooled high-voltage DC grids for
transporting electricity 500 kilometres or more.
"Even if we need to cool the grid line with liquid nitrogen, the system
could be cost-competitive," he claims.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19785-sun-and-sand-breed-sahara-solar-power.html
Sahara Solar
Breeder Project aims to provide 50 percent of the world’s electricity
by 2050
By Darren Quick
20:54 November 24, 2010
This is ambition with a capital A. Universities in Japan and Algeria
have teamed up on a project that aims to solve the world’s energy
problems. Called the Sahara Solar Breeder Project, the plan is to build
manufacturing plants around the Sahara Desert and extract silica from
sand to make solar panels, which will then be used to build solar power
plants in the desert. The power generated by the initial plant or
plants would be used to “breed” more silicon manufacturing and solar
power plants, which will in turn be used to breed more again, and so
on. The ultimate goal is to build enough plants to provide 50 percent
of the world’s electricity by 2050, which would be delivered via a
global superconducting supergrid.
To turn the world’s biggest desert into the world’s biggest power
station the Sahara Solar Breeder Project aims to take advantage of two
resources that are found in abundance in the Sahara – silica and
sunlight. However, to make such an ambitious plan a reality there are
more than a few hurdles that will need to be overcome. For example,
there is currently no technology for making silicon from desert sand,
then using it to make solar cells. Also, connecting the desert power
supply to the world will require cables that must be cooled with liquid
nitrogen and placed underground to minimize temperature fluctuations.
Initial research
That is why the project, which is getting underway this year, will
initially focus on the development of the basic technology to make the
project practical. Specifically, demonstrating the possibility of
manufacturing high-purity silicon from desert sand, which is the key to
the project, and constructing a high-temperature superconducting,
long-distance, DC power supply system. With the initial aim of
producing a 100 kW solar cell in 2011, the project ultimately aims to
achieve a solar plant with an annual capacity of at least 100 GW by
2050.
“While we develop technology for using desert sand to make just one ton
of silicon per year, or actually build just one power plant in the
desert, all sorts of problems, such as sandstorms, will arise. And we
will obtain basic data for solving those problems,” says project leader
Hideomi Koinuma, who calls the project the Super Apollo Project,
referencing both the Greek god of light and the sun, and NASA’s Apollo
project that put man on the moon.
The research is a joint project between Japanese and Algerian
universities, including Tokyo University, the National Institute for
Materials Science, Hirosaki University, Tokyo Institute of Technlogy,
Chubu University and the Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie
d’Oran, through the International Research Project on Global Issues by
Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
(JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). But the
project participants recognize that, ultimately, the task will require
a worldwide effort, particularly among North African countries.
Koinuma says the total research expenditure of the project will be 100
million yen (just under US$2 million) annually for five years. He
admits that won’t be enough to see the project completed but hopes it
will establish the basic technology for providing the ultimate solution
to the world’s energy problems.
Training for developing counties
Subscribing to the "give a man a fish and he eats for a day, but teach
a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime" philosophy, another
major aim of the project is to train scientists and engineers from
developing countries. To that end, the project won’t just bring
well-understood technology from developed countries, but will involve
people from both developing and developed countries working together on
R&D right from the outset.
“Because technology hasn't yet been established for making silicon from
desert sand, then using it to make solar cells, our aim is to work
together from the basic research stage, so we can discover and nurture
talented scientists and engineers in Africa," said Koinuma.
The project definitely has some lofty and worthy aims. We can only wish
them well in their endeavors and hope this is one project that achieves
its ambitious goals.
http://www.gizmag.com/sahara-solar-breeder-project/17054/
French articles
Telegramme
samedi 11 décembre 2010
Séance de travail JICA-CDER dans le cadre du projet "Sahara Solar
Breeder Research Center"Dans le cadre du projet "Sahara Solar Breeder
Research Center", une séance de travail entre le Centre de
Développement des Energies ( CDER ) et l'Agence Japonaise de
Coopération Internationale (JICA) se tiendra le 14 décembre au siège du
CDER Bouzareah. Des entretiens aur! ont lieu entre le Docteur Hideomi
Koinuma, Directeur du projet du côté ! japonais et des chercheurs du
CDER afin renforcer le réseau de chercheurs algéro-japonais dans le
domaine de l'énergie solaire. Monsieur Takashi Kawahara, Docteur
spécialiste en supra-conducteurs de l'Université de Chubu, le Docteur
Yojiro Kitamura de l'institut arabe de l'économie ainsi que des
professeurs de l'université des sciences et de la technologie d'Oran (
USTO ) participeront à cette séance de travail en tant que
représentants du projet "Sahara Solar Breeder" SSB. Le projet SSB
s'inscrit dans une politique de développement durable et porte sur le
développement des technologies du solaire, l'acheminement et
l'exploitation de l'énergie produite dans le sud vers le nord pour
alimenter des stations de dessalement d'eau. L'USTO bénéficiera dans ce
cadre de la création d'un centre de recherche dédié au développement
des technologies du solaire avec équipements, formation et le concours
permanents d'experts, tandis que Saida et Adrar seront dorées des
plates-formes techn! ologiques pour la construction de cellules
photovoltaïques et l'exploitation de l'énergie produite.
http://national.algerieinfo.tk/2010/12/telegramme_11.html
Une première
dans les relations algéro-japonaises
Le ministre nippon des AE à Alger le 12 décembre
le 09.12.10 | 03h00 1 réaction
Le ministre japonais des Affaires étrangères, Seiji Maehara, effectuera
les 12 et 13 décembre prochains une visite officielle en Algérie. «Le
ministre des Affaires étrangères viendra dans le cadre d’une tournée
dans la région du Maghreb.
Il fera une escale à Tunis avant de venir à Alger le 12 décembre. C’est
une visite de deux jours ayant pour objectif de renforcer les relations
bilatérales entre les deux pays, tant au plan politique qu’économique»,
indique une source proche de l’ambassade du Japon à Alger. Le programme
de la visite, explique notre source, n’a pas encore été rendu public.
«C’est le ministère algérien des Affaires étrangères qui devra élaborer
ce programme», précise la même source.
Le chef de la diplomatie nippone devra rencontrer le président
Abdelaziz Bouteflika ; il s’entretiendra également avec le ministre
algérien des AE, Mourad Medelci.
Il est clair que le responsable japonais et les autorités algériennes
examineront les possibilités de renforcer la coopération entre les deux
pays, en particulier dans le domaine économique. Le ministre japonais
devra discuter avec les responsables algériens des questions liées à la
coopération, à la promotion de l’investissement japonais en Algérie.
Les Japonais, présents en Algérie avec une quinzaine d’entreprises qui
activent en particulier dans les hydrocarbures, s’intéressent également
au développement des énergies renouvelables, notamment l’énergie
solaire. Dans ce sens, notre source révèle l’intention du pays du
Soleil-Levant de développer le Sahara Solar Breeder (SSB) ou Super
Apollo, qui ressemble à l’initiative allemande Desertec. «Il y a une
coopération entre l’Université des sciences d’Oran (USTO) et des
chercheurs japonais de l’université de Tokyo pour la création d’un
centre de recherche sur le développement des technologies solaires pour
appuyer le projet Apollo», affirme-t-on. Le projet japonais prévoit la
production de silicium, qui entre dans la fabrication des panneaux
photovoltaïques, à partir du sable du désert. Ce qui est une nouveauté.
Le ministre japonais tentera également d’obtenir des autorités
algériennes plus d’informations sur les dernières mesures économiques
prises. Des informations que les opérateurs japonais veulent comprendre
avant de s’engager dans le marché algérien.
Madjid Makedhi
(El Watan news paper)
http://www.elwatan.com/actualite/le-ministre-nippon-des-ae-a-alger-le-12-decembre-09-12-2010-102227_109.php
Algérie-Japon :
concertations politiques et signature d’un mémorandum
Première visite à Alger d’un chef de la diplomatie japonaise.
Dans un communiqué, l’ambassade du Japon à Alger annonce la visite de
deux jours, aujourd’hui, du chef de la diplomatie japonaise, durant
lesquels il aura des entretiens avec le chef de l’Etat, le Premier
ministre et son homologue algérien. «L’Algérie qui a traversé plusieurs
étapes dans la guerre pour son indépendance occupe une place de leader
au sein des pays non alignés et a une voix qui s’impose dans la
communauté internationale», mentionne le communiqué. «A cet effet,
Tokyo considère très important de collaborer et coopérer étroitement
avec l’Algérie afin de résoudre les problèmes internationaux», souligne
le document. Alger, par son approche politique visant la promotion de
relations bilatérales multiples, se trouve dans une position
confortable dans ses diverses discussions avec ses partenaires. Tokyo
et Alger qui ont œuvré de concert à asseoir une base d’un partenariat
gagnant-gagnant, large et diversifié, verront durant la visite de M.
Seiji Maehara à Alger, la relance d’une nouvelle étape, couronnant ce
qui a été précédemment réalisé. Dans le domaine scientifique, il sera
question du lancement, dès janvier 2011, d’un nouveau programme de
développement des technologies solaires appelé «Sahara Solar Breeder».
Un projet qui s’inscrit dans le cadre de la coopération entre l’Algérie
et le Japon dans le domaine de la recherche et du développement de
l’industrie solaire, la technologie japonaise sera, ainsi, profitable à
l’Algérie. Tokyo considère que le marché algérien est «l’un des
principaux pour l’implantation des industries japonaises», d’autant que
le plan quinquennal 2010-2014, d’un coût de 286 milliards de dollars,
offre beaucoup d’opportunités. A ce propos, «il importe que le
gouvernement japonais offre son assistance pour encourager les
activités des entreprises japonaises sur le marché algérien», souligne
l’ambassade du Japon. Autre volet qui n’est pas des moindres, le
dialogue politique entre les deux pays. Le Japon, par le biais de son
ambassade à Alger, relève dans le communiqué précité «la nécessité de
l’ouverture rapide de la concertation politique» entre Alger et Tokyo.
Ce qui sera d’ailleurs au cœur de la visite du chef de la diplomatie
japonaise. On assistera à la signature d’un mémorandum sur les
consultations politiques bilatérales, définissant le cadre de la
concertation touchant divers domaines. Il est à noter que la visite de
M. Seiji Maehara intervient au moment où les deux pays «fêtent» le
cinquantième anniversaire de l’établissement de leurs relations
diplomatiques. Ce qui constitue un repère pour les deux pays quant à la
dynamisation de leurs relations bilatérales. Cette visite permettra des
échanges et concertations entre M. Seiji Maehara et le chef de l’Etat
sur les questions de paix et de sécurité, et sur la réforme en cours de
l’institution onusienne. A ce sujet, Tokyo a exprimé sa volonté de
«coopérer étroitement» avec Alger dans la «résolution des problèmes
internationaux, la reforme du Conseil de sécurité et la question des
changements climatique».
13-12-2010
Karima Bennour
http://www.lnr-dz.com/actualite/lire.php?ida=97498&idc=4&date_insert=20101213
Bientôt à
l’université des sciences d’Oran : Un Projet de développement des
technologies solaires pour 2011
Un projet de développement des technologies solaires sera bientôt
concrétisé à l’université des sciences et de la technologie
Mohamed-Boudiaf d’Oran.
PUBLIE LE : 30-10-2010 | 20:38
Un projet de développement des technologies solaires sera bientôt
concrétisé à l’université des sciences et de la technologie
Mohamed-Boudiaf d’Oran. Ce projet s’intitule «Projet SSB» (Sahara Solar
Breeder) en référence à la plate-forme technologique dite ferme solaire
expérimentale. Ce projet est le fruit d'une coopération entre
l'Université des sciences et technologies d'Oran (USTO) et deux agences
nippones, l'Agence japonaise à la coopération internationale (JICA) et
l'Agence japonaise des sciences et technologies (JSTA).
En visite à l’Université des sciences et de la technologie
Mohamed-Boudiaf d’Oran (USTO), l’ambassadeur du Japon en Algérie, M.
Takeshi Kamitani a indiqué « Ce projet s’inscrit dans le cadre de la
coopération entre les deux pays dans le domaine de la recherche et du
développement de l’industrie solaire ». Il a ajouté « Le partenariat
algéro-japonais est appelé à se développer davantage dans tous les
domaines, tant au niveau académique que technologique ». L’USTO
bénéficiera dans ce cadre, de la création d’un centre de recherches
dédié au développement des technologies solaires.
Mme Benharrat Nacéra, vice-rectrice chargée des relations
internationales et de la coopération a fait savoir qu’«Un délai de cinq
ans a été assigné à la concrétisation de cette opération entièrement
financée par la partie japonaise, avec une enveloppe budgétaire de 5
millions de dollars».
L’USTO bénéficiera également d’une dotation en équipements, de
formations et du concours permanent d’experts, tandis que l’université
de Saïda et le centre de recherches sur l’énergie solaire d’Adrar
auront des plate-formes technologiques pour la construction de cellules
photovoltaïques et l’exploitation de l’énergie produite, a précisé la
vice-recteur.
Elle a souligné que «le projet SSB s’inscrit dans le cadre des
objectifs de développement durable, puisqu’il permettra l’acheminement
et l’exploitation de l’énergie produite dans le Sud vers le nord du
pays pour alimenter des stations de dessalement».
Ce programme avait été entériné, en août dernier, par la signature
d’une convention entre le ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de
la Recherche scientifique, l’USTO, et deux agences japonaises (JICA et
JSTA) dédiées à la coopération internationale, aux sciences et à la
technologie. Un consortium d’universités japonaises comprenant celles
de Tokyo, d’Hirosaki, de Chubu, l’Institut national de l’informatique
et l’Institut national de sciences des matériaux, est associé à ce
projet aux côtés des établissements algériens précités.
A. Fadila
http://www.elmoudjahid.com/fr/actualites/4502
(news paper El Moudjahid)
Arabic articles
ملايين دولار لإنجاز مركز تطوير تكنولوجيات
الطاقة الشمسية بالجزائر
Wednesday, October 27
الموضوع : الوطــن
قررت الجزائر واليابان إطلاق برنامج مشترك لتطوير تكنولوجيات الطاقة
الشمسية شهر جانفي الداخل، يتكفل خلاله الجانب الياباني بإنجاز مركز
للبحوث مخصص لتطوير هذه التكنولوجيات على مستوى جامعة وهران بقيمة 5
ملايين دولار.
إ.س
سيتعزز التعاون الجزائري الياباني في المجال العلمي ابتداء من شهر جانفي
القادم، بانطلاق برنامج لتطوير تكنولوجيات الطاقة الشمسية، هذا ما أعلنه
سفير اليابان بالجزائر طاكيشي كاميتاني، خلال زيارته إلى جامعة العلوم
والتكنولوجية »محمد بوضياف« بوهران، وهو المشروع الذي قال السفير إنه
»يندرج في إطار التعاون المشترك بين البلدين في مجال البحث وتطوير الصناعة
ذات الصلة بالطاقة الشمسية«، مشددا لدى افتتاحه التظاهرة الثقافية
اليابانية المنظمة بقاعة المحاضرات لجامعة »محمد بوضياف« على أن »الشراكة
الجزائرية-اليابانية مدعوة إلى التطور أكثر فأكثر في جميع الميادين بما
فيها الجانبين الأكاديمي والتكنولوجي«.
وحسب التوضيحات التي قدمتها نائبة مدير الجامعة المكلفة بالعلاقات الدولية
والتعاون بن حراث نصيرة، فإن المشروع الذي سينطلق بداية جانفي المقبل،
سيحمل اسم »أس أس بي« استنادا إلى الأرضية التكنولوجية المسماة المزرعة
الشمسية التجريبية المبرمج انجازها بسعيدة، معلنة عن أن جامعة العلوم
والتكنولوجية بوهران ستستفيد في هذا الإطار من مركز للبحوث مخصص لتطوير
تكنولوجيات الطاقة الشمسية، والتي أكدت أن فترة تجسيد المشروع قد حددت
بخمس سنوات على أن يتكفل الطرف الياباني بتمويلها وبشكل كلي بغلاف مالي
قدره خمسة ملايين دولار.
وواصلت نائبة مدير جامعة وهران، مشيرة إلى أن الجامعة ستستفيد أيضا من هبة
ممثلة في تجهيزات ودورات تكوينية بمساهمة دائمة لخبراء، بينما ستحظى كل من
جامعة سعيدة ومركز البحث في الطاقة الشمسية لأدرار بأرضيات تكنولوجية من
أجل انجاز لوحات لتوليد الطاقة الشمسية واستغلال الطاقة المنتجة، لتضيف أن
مشروع »أس أس بي« يندرج في إطار أهداف التنمية المستدامة باعتباره سيسمح
بإيصال واستغلال الطاقة المنتجة بالجنوب نحو الشمال قصد تزويد محطات تحلية
مياه البحر.
يذكر أن المشروع قد اعتمد شهر أوت المنصرم بالتوقيع على اتفاقية بين كل من
وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي وجامعة العلوم والتكنولوجية »محمد
بوضياف «بوهران والوكالتين اليابانيتان »جي. أي. سي. أ« و»جي. أس. تي. أ.«
المهتمتين بالتعاون الدولي والعلوم والتكنولوجية.
http://www.sawt-alahrar.net/online/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=18966
كشف
السفير الياباني في الجزائر، طاكيشي كاميتاني، أن التعاون بين البلدين
سيتعزز في المجال العلمي ابتداء من شهر جانفي 2011، بانطلاق برنامج لتطوير
تكنولوجيات الطاقة الشمسية
وأشار السفير خلال الزيارة التي قام بها الى جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجية
”محمد بوضياف” بوهران أن هذا المشروع الجديد يندرج في إطار التعاون بين
البلدين في مجال البحث وتطوير الصناعة ذات الصلة بالطاقة الشمسية.
وأوضح خلال افتتاحه التظاهرة الثقافية اليابانية المنظمة بذات الجامعة أن
الشراكة الجزائرية-اليابانية مدعوة الى التطور أكثر فأكثر في جميع
الميادين بما فيها الجانبين الأكاديمي والتكنولوجي، ويحمل هذا المشروع
الذي سينطلق في شهر جانفي 2011 اسم ”أس أس بي” أي صحراء سولار بريدر
استنادا إلى الأرضية التكنولوجية المسماة المزرعة الشمسية التجريبية
المبرمج إنجازها بسعيدة. وأشارت من جهتها نائبة مدير الجامعة مكلفة
بالعلاقات الدولية والتعاون، بن حراث نصيرة، أن جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجية
”محمد بوضياف” ستستفيد في هذا الإطار من مركز للبحوث مخصص لتطوير
تكنولوجيات الطاقة الشمسية، وأضافت أنه قد تم تحديد مدة خمس سنوات لتجسيد
هذه العملية التي سيتكفل بتمويلها وبشكل كلي الطرف الياباني بغلاف مالي
قدره 5 ملايين دولار. وحسب المصدر ذاته فإن الجامعة المذكورة ستستفيد أيضا
من هبة ممثلة في تجهيزات ودورات تكوينية وبمساهمة دائمة لخبراء بينما
ستحظى كل من جامعة سعيدة ومركز البحث في الطاقة الشمسية لأدرار بأرضيات
تكنولوجية من أجل إنجاز لوحات لتوليد الطاقة الشمسية واستغلال الطاقة
المنتجة. وأضافت بن حراث في نفس السياق أن مشروع ”أس أس بي” يندرج في إطار
أهداف التنمية المستدامة باعتبار أنه سيسمح بإيصال واستغلال الطاقة
المنتجة بالجنوب نحو الشمال قصد تزويد محطات تحلية مياه البحر.
وللإشارة، يشارك في المشروع مجمع يتكون من جامعات يابانية يضم تلك الواقعة
بطوكيو وهيروزاكي وشوبو والمعهدين الوطنيين للإعلام الآلي وعلوم المواد.
ق.إ
http://www.algerie360.com/ar/6158/
Italian articles
Nel 2050 metà dell’energia mondiale arriverà dal deserto del Sahara
Scritto da Pasquale Veltri Lunedì 13 Dicembre 2010
13:43
deserto-sahara
‘Sahara Breeder Solar Project’ è il nome di un imponente progetto
giapponese e algerino che ha l'obiettivo dichiarato di fornire il 50
per cento dell'energia mondiale entro il 2050, producendo elettricità
nel deserto del Sahara.
Il Sahara è il più vasto deserto della Terra con circa nove milioni di
chilometri quadrati, una lunghezza di circa quattromila chilometri e
una larghezza di oltre millecinquecento chilometri; tuttavia i suoi
confini non possono essere ben definiti perché la linea varia
continuamente.
L'idea di base del progetto è che nel deserto c'è disponibilità
illimitata dei due elementi principali per impianti a energia solare:
il sole e la sabbia da cui ricavare il silicio, il quale naturalmente
necessita di essere estratto e lavorato, prima di essere impiegato
all'interno dei pannelli.
Si partirebbe quindi da un impianto di dimensioni ridotte in grado di
fornire l'energia necessaria alla produzione di altro silicio e altri
pannelli e così via, aumentando le dimensioni del complesso, fino a
poter produrre energia elettrica da immettere in una rete appositamente
costruita e collegata con quella di altri paesi.
Nel 2050 questo impianto dovrebbe fornire la metà dell’energia
mondiale. Detta così, sembra una bella soluzione e verrebbe da
chiedersi perché qualcuno non ci abbia pensato prima. In realtà, l'dea
di impiantare una centrale di produzione in mezzo al deserto del Sahara
non è nuova.
Esistono almeno altri due progetti altrettanto faraonici, relativamente
diversi ma forse meno ambiziosi: uno è quello della 'Fondazione
Desertec' che ha l’obiettivo di fornire entro il 2050 il 15 per cento
dell'energia utilizzata in Europa; l'altro è quello denominato
‘Transgreen’, altrettanto interessante e che coinvolge l'Europa e
l'Africa. Si tratta di progetti apparentemente realistici e
promettenti, che potrebbero davvero contribuire ad aumentare la quota
di energia prodotta da fonti rinnovabili.
Le rilevazioni e le previsioni a medio e a lungo termine dell'IEA,
l'Agenzia Internazionale per l'Energia, sono fra le più importanti e
utilizzate per le strategie politiche ed economiche dalla comunità
internazionale. Secondo le statistiche dell’Agenzia, attualmente circa
il 27 per cento dell'energia a livello mondiale viene dispersa nella
generazione e nel trasporto dell'energia stessa.
E' proprio questo un punto strategico del 'Sahara Breeder Solar
Project', il quale prevede di risolvere questo problema utilizzando,
per il trasporto dell'energia, linee a superconduttori, i quali però
presentano criticità tecniche di non poco conto, come per esempio la
condizione che la temperatura dei superconduttori debba mantenersi a
molti gradi sotto lo zero.
Per avere un quadro generale della situazione energetica mondiale e sul
fabbisogno di energia da parte dei vari settori (industria, terziario
etc.), è utile consultare il report che ogni anno viene commissionato e
pubblicato dalla ‘Exxon Mobil’, la più grande compagnia petrolifera
mondiale.
Il 2030 è l'anno generalmente tenuto come punto di riferimento per
tutte le proiezioni e dalla maggior parte degli studi sul settore
energetico. L'ultimo rapporto disponibile, che si chiama 'The Outlook
for Energy', è stato pubblicato a dicembre del 2009, ed è disponibile
in italiano, anche se in forma riassuntiva.
Si tratta di uno studio molto aggiornato e ricco di dettagli, creato
attraverso una profonda analisi delle caratteristiche di un centinaio
di paesi, di quindici settori di domanda e venti tipologie di
combustibili, e tiene conto di proiezioni demografiche ed economiche e
della progressione delle tecnologie.
Per il 2030 si prevede che il mondo sarà abitato da otto miliardi di
esseri umani; si prevede lo sviluppo industriale di molti paesi
emergenti e un fabbisogno di energia in costante aumento. Le energie
rinnovabili cresceranno molto rapidamente a un tasso medio del 10 per
cento annuo e, sempre nel 2030, le rinnovabili permetteranno di
produrre 'solo' il 2,5 per cento del totale del fabbisogno mondiale di
energia. Le previsioni per il momento non vanno oltre il 2030, quando
al 2050 mancheranno ancora due decenni; oggi il 2050 è davvero troppo
lontano per poter sperare in previsioni attendibili.
Pasquale Veltri
http://www.nextme.it/scienza/energia/1418-nel-2050-meta-dellenergia-mondiale-arrivera-dal-deserto-del-sahara
Japanese articles
サハラの砂から太陽電池材料
ＪＩＣＡ・東大
2010/12/16付
日本と北アフリカ諸国が、ほぼ無尽蔵にある砂で太陽電池を作る共同研究をサハラ砂漠で始める。国際協力機構（ＪＩＣＡ）や東京大学はアルジェリア高等教
育・科学研究省などと2015年までの計画に合意、５年で電池原料の生産技術にメドをつける。チュニジアの産官を交えた研究組織も12月に立ち上げた。
いずれも日差しに恵まれた現地で電池原料のシリコンを安く量産し、将来の発電事業に発展させる計画だ。太陽電池はケイ石から作る半導体向けシリコンの転
用が多い。太陽電池の普及でシリコン不足が懸念される。太陽光発電を成長産業と考える北アフリカ諸国と、発電事業にも関わりたい日本側が研究の必要性で一
致した。
http://www.nikkei.com/news/article/g=96958A9693819595E2EAE2E3948DE3E4E3E0E0E2E3E29F9FE2E2E2E3?n_cid=DSANY001
Chinese articles
太阳能发电站将遍布撒哈拉沙漠
发布时间： 2010-12-18 | 作者：刘霞
2010年12月18日 来源： 科技日报 作者： 刘霞
本报讯
据英国《新科学家》杂志网站近日报道，日本和阿尔及利亚大学的科学家正在携手进行“撒哈拉沙漠太阳能孵化项目”，他们希望有效利用撒哈拉沙漠丰富的太阳光
和沙子，于2050年之前建立起足够多的太阳能发电站，为人类提供50%的能源。
科学家的设想如下：刚开始在撒哈拉沙漠建立少量硅制造工厂，将沙漠中的沙子变成制造太阳能电池板所需要的高质量硅。一旦这些太阳能电池板开始运作，它们
生产的部分能源就可以用于建造更多的硅厂，每个硅厂都能制造出更多的太阳能电池板并且生产更多的能源，然后再用于制造更多的硅厂，如此循环往复。
日本东京大学的鲤沼英臣是该项目日方的领导人，他承认，以前还未曾有人尝试过使用撒哈拉或其他沙漠的粗沙来制造硅电池板，但他表示，这是一个合情合理的
选择。他认为，从数量、质量和化学方法的角度来说，撒哈拉沙漠的沙子都可以被用来制造太阳能电池所需要的硅。
日本和阿尔及利亚的科学家组成的团队并非唯一一个想要将撒哈拉沙漠变成太阳能发电站的团队，去年成立的以从沙漠获取绿色能源为宗旨的“沙科基金会”也希
望在该地区生产太阳能。
相比较而言，沙科的目标更为保守，它希望到2050年为欧洲提供15%的能源，而且，沙科也不打算使用撒哈拉沙漠的沙子来制造太阳能电池板。沙科称这个
新的孵化项目“为遏制气候变化作出了积极的贡献”。
鲤沼英臣团队希望使用“高温超导体”将生产出的能源作为直流电（直流电比传统交流电更有效）分发到各地。尽管是高温超导体，但其工作温度为零下240摄
氏度，因此，长长的输电线需要高质量的冷却系统。
沙科基金会发言人表示，不需要高温超导体，高电压直流电传输线也能让沙漠中生产的清洁能源经过漫长的跋涉源源不断地前往各消费中心。他表示，目前全球有
几十个项目已经使用了该技术，其电力传输损失非常低，每1000公里大约损失3%；也不必使用冷却系统，因此，能源传输成本很低。
鲤沼英臣却不这样认为，他表示，将撒哈拉的发电站同一个特殊的超冷高压直流电网（主要用于将电流传输500公里或更远距离）连接在一起或许会更有潜力。
即使需要液态氮来冷却电网线，该系统仍然具有很高的成本竞争优势。
（刘霞） (科技日报)
http://www.stdaily.com/kjrb/content/2010-12/18/content_257745.htm
与突尼斯合作
日本在撒哈拉发展太阳能发电
2010年12月21日13:25 来源：人民网-环保频道
日前、日本和突尼斯政府签署协议、将在可持续商业项目上展开合作、共同开发突尼斯丰富的太阳能资源。
两国将在撒哈拉沙漠合作建设一座太阳能发电厂。撒哈拉沙漠正在迅速成为最具创新性的太阳能发电项目选址的热点区域。对于日本来说、与突尼斯合作开发太阳
能
是令人鼓舞的、表明日本与邻居中国和韩国一样、开始热衷于拓展其对全世界可持续商业的参与、并与其他国家合作开发可再生能源项目。
与突尼斯签署协议、并非是日本与阿拉伯国家在太阳能相关的可持续商业项目上的首次合作。在“撒哈拉太阳能孵化项目” （Sahara Solar
Breeder
Project）中、日本的大学就开始与阿尔及利亚的同行展开合作。“撒哈拉太阳能孵化项目”雄心勃勃、希望在2050年之前满足全世界一半的电力需求。
撒哈拉沙漠里竞相建设大型太阳能发电厂的原因很简单：撒哈拉沙漠能够接收大量的太阳光、并且与主要的能源消费地区欧洲相邻。有效利用太阳能可以帮助人类摆
脱化石燃料。
不仅如此、沙子中含有的硅也是制造太阳能电池板的基本原料。以建设能够从沙子中生产可用硅的制造工厂为起点、“撒哈拉太阳能孵化项目”将利用可用硅制造
太
阳能电池板、太阳能电池板生产更多的能量、用于将更多的沙子转换为硅。在理论上、这种自我供给和建设的进程可以持续数十年。如果一切进展顺利、整个撒哈拉
沙漠里的太阳能发电项目就可以利用可再生能源、将当地资源制成太阳能发电设备、用于生产更多的可再生电力。很难再想象一个比这更好的可持续商业模式了。
在撒哈拉沙漠及其周边地区发展太阳能、能够帮助目前以石油出口为生的国家通向一个不再以化石燃料为动力的未来。历史上、一些严重依赖石油的国家、比如沙
特
阿拉伯、一直是国际气候协议最强烈的反对者。如果这些国家将可持续商业项目作为一个经济发展的机遇、在签署气候协议的时候、可能就不会那么不情愿了。
在国际范围内大规模推动沙漠太阳能发电发展的浪潮中、日本与突尼斯合作建设的太阳能项目可能并不是一笔大交易。不过、要把撒哈拉沙漠转变为主要发电区
域、将耗费数年甚至数十年的时间、并且还需要发展中国家与发达国家之间的深入合作。（薛亮）
（责任编辑：蒋琪）
http://env.people.com.cn/GB/13542069.html
Russian articles
Совместный
проект ученых из Алжира и Японии обещает превратить пустыню Сахара в
лес… солнечных батарей, способных к 2050 г. обеспечить до половины
мировых потребностей в электроэнергии.
Для начала проект Sahara Solar Breeder (SSB) подразумевает возведение в
пустыне завода по производству панелей солнечных батарей, благо
основного материала для их изготовления – песка – вокруг предостаточно.
Ожидается, что из его продукции будет тут же построена первая солнечная
электростанция, которая обеспечит энергией расширенное производство
солнечных батарей, которое позволит построить новую электростанцию,
которая… и так далее.
Ожидается, что произведенная электроэнергия будет аккумулироваться,
передаваясь по сверхпроводниковым проводам. Конечно, такие установки
потребуют охлаждения до температур порядка -240° C. Однако, по расчетам
авторов проекта, даже при этом полученная энергия будет достаточно
дешевой для потребителя.
Вообще, по словам представителя японской стороны Хидеоми Коинумы
(Hideomi Koinuma), «до сих пор никто не пытался использовать песок
пустынь в качестве исходного материала для получения высокочистого
кремния, который требуется для производства панелей солнечных батарей».
Но и это – не единственная технологическая сложность, которую предстоит
решить авторам проекта. Так, им обязательно придется учесть
необходимость работы в условиях нередких в Сахаре песчаных бурь.
Видимо, для защиты от ветров и перепадов температур немалую часть всей
установки и проводов придется устанавливать под песком, где условия
намного более стабильны.
Напомним, что нынешним летом солнечная энергетика преодолела важный
рубеж: стоимость добываемого ей электричества сравнялась со стоимостью
энергии, получаемой из традиционных источников. Читайте: «Паритет
достигнут».
По публикации PhysOrg.Com
Добавлено: 10.12.10
http://www.popmech.ru/article/8250-energiya-pustyini/
Новости дня
Как превратить Сахару в солнечную электростанцию?
06 декабря 2010г. 14:50
Сахара
Совместная
группа, состоящая из сотрудников нескольких Университетов
Японии и Алжира, решила превратить самую большую в мире пустыню в самую
крупную в мире солнечную электростанцию. По расчетам специалистов, к
2050 году она сможет снабжать электричеством почти половину планеты,
причем по низкой себестоимости. Подобные грандиозные планы ученые
строят в рамках проекта под названием «Sahara Solar Breeder Project».
Вышеупомянутый
проект исходит из того, что через 40 лет появятся
кремниевые солнечные панели с КПД, которое в несколько раз превысит
панели, существующие в наши дни. В основе этих панелей будет тот же
кремний, но добываться он будет из песка в Сахаре. По словам ученых, к
2050 году в пустыне будет более чем реально построить солнечную
электростанцию. Она займет десятки километров, и будет состоять из пару
сотен тысяч отдельных солнечных панелей.
Профессор
Хидеоми Коинума, сотрудник Университета Токио, который
руководит проектом Sahara Solar Breeder Project, рассказал, что сейчас
основной задачей является создание дешевых панелей с высоким
коэффициентом полезного действия, которые смогли бы эффективно
преобразовать солнечный свет в энергию (электричество). Также он
отметил, что одно из преимуществ проекта – это то, что производство
солнечных панелей планируют открыть здесь же в пустыне.
Исследователи
рассчитали, что даже при современном уровне развития
производства вполне возможно создание 500-километровых солнечных
станций, которые бы генерировали до 100 Гигаватт электричества.
Конечно, как говорит японский ученый, без трудностей не обойтись.
Например, пыльные бури, ведь надо научиться как-то быстро очищать после
них панели. Потом, доставка и хранение водорода, который охлаждает
солнечные панели во время их работы, а также минимизирует эффект от
резких температурных перепадов в пустыне (днем температура может
достигать 50 Cо, а ночью падает до 0 Со).
Оборудование
для электростанции в пустыне – турбины и солнечные панели
– будет производить компания Siemens. Расположится станция на
территории нескольких беднейших стран Африки.
По
предварительным подсчетам, стоимость проекта может составить 400-450
млрд. евро, а площадь электростанции превысит 130 км2. Расположить
станцию планируют на севере Сахары.
«Сейчас мы
имеем уже все технологии, необходимые для реализации проекта
такого масштаба. Главной нашей задачей является объединение юридических
и политических аспектов данного проекта. Необходимо достать соглашение
о кросс граничной торговле, позволяющее поставлять электроэнергию в
страны Европы», - рассказал директор программ возобновляемой энергетики
Greenpeace, Свен Тэске.
В рамках
проекта планируется создание сети разветвленных кабелей,
проходящих в Европу по дну Средиземного моря. По таким высоковольтным
проводам в будущем Siemens планирует подавать электричество от
ветровых, а не только от солнечных электростанций. Ветровые станции
тоже можно разместить на открытых участках Сахары.
Эксперты
Greenpeace рассказали, что сегодня на нашей планете проживает
6,8 миллиардов человек. И если бы в наши дни были технологии, которые
способны на 100% преобразовывать всю солнечную энергию, попадающую на
Землю, то можно было бы за счет солнечной энергетики генерировать в 2
800 раз больше электроэнергии, чем производится в настоящее время за
счет всех источников энергии, на каждого жителя планеты.
Однако Ларс
Йозефссон, глава концерна Vattenfall, уверен в
«нереалистичности» проекта поставок солнечной энергии в Европу. Он
считает, что использование полученной электроэнергии будет
целесообразней в Африке.
Также глава
концерна выразил сомнение в том, что проект поставки
энергии из Сахары в Европу неосуществим. Он считает сумму в 400
миллиардов евро «чудовищно большой».
«Ещё одним
препятствием могут стать чересчур большие растраты на
транспортировку электроэнергии. Я считаю, что это проект
нереалистичен», - заключил Ларс Йозефссон. Кроме того, он отметил, что
нельзя забывать и об угрозе террористических актов. Однако выход из
ситуации есть, глава концерна сказал: «Европе лучше производить энергию
на территории Европы».
Текст: Мария
Колумбет
http://profi-forex.org/news/entry1008059761.html
Korean articles
사하라 사막의 태양 발전을 육성하는 일광과 모래
사막이 보유하고 있는 무한한 자원인 일광(sunlight)과
모래(sand)가 태양 발전을 조성 및 육성하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다고 함
일본과 알제리에 있는 대학의 조인트 이니셔티브인 사하라 태양 발전 육성 프로젝트(Sahara Solar Breeder
Project)는 2050년까지 인류가 사용한 에너지의 약 50%를 공급하기에 충분한 태양 발전소 구축을 목표로 함
태양열 집열판(solar panel)을 구축하는 데 필요한 우수한 질을 갖춘 실리콘(silicon)으로 사막의 모래를 전환시키는
실리콘 제조 공장을 사하라 사막에 구축함
일단 태양열 집열판의 운영으로 생성된 에너지의 일부가 실리콘 공장을 구축하는 데 이용되고, 따라서 더 많이 제조된 태양열
집열판을 통하여 에너지 생산이 더욱 증가되며, 이것은 다시 실리콘 제조 공장의 건설로 이어짐
이 프로젝트를 주도한 일본 도쿄 대학(University of Tokyo) 소속의 Hideomi Koinuma 는, 사하라 또는
다른 사막의 거친 모래에서 실리콘 집열판을 제조하는 것은 최초의 시도이자 논리적인 선택임. 질, 양 및 화학의 관점에서 사하라
모래는 태양 전지에 사용될 실리콘으로 이용되기 어렵다고 함
2009년 사막에 청정 발전을 독려하기 위하여 설립된 재단인 Desertec Foundation은 역시 사막 지역에서 태양 발전
생성을 목표로 하고 있음
http://www.cctech.or.kr/trend/tech01_view.asp?idx_no=3078&board_id=trend01&part_id01=tech01&page=138&srcfield=&srcstr=
Estonian
article
Sahara kõrb
toidab 2050. aastaks energiaga poolt maailma?
06. detsember 2010 12:27
Alžeeria ja Jaapani ülikoolid ühisprojekti raames kavatsetakse muuta
maailma suurim kõrb Sahara selliste päikeseelektrijaamade
arenduspargiks, mis võiksid aastal 2050 rahuldada poole maailma
elektrienergia-vajadusest.
Sahara päikesepaneelide aretusprojekt Sahara Solar Breeder Project näeb
ette kõrbesse ränitootmistehase rajamist, mis rafineeriks liivas
leiduva räni piisavalt puhtaks, et seda saaks kasutada
päikesepaneelides. Päikeseelektrijaamad rajatakse nendest
päikesepaneelidest saadud energia toel, millest osa suunatakse uute
ränitehaste konstrueerimisse, et toota veel rohkem päikesepaneele, et
toota veel rohkem elektrit, jne, vahendab PhysOrg.
Jaapani töörühma juht, Tokyo ülikooli teadlane Hideomi Koinuma ütles,
et ehkki keegi pole kvaliteetse räni saamiseks varem kõrbeliiva
pruukinud, on see ometi loogiline valik, ning kinnitas, et tulemus saab
piisavalt kvaliteetne.
Päikeseelektrijaamade toodetud energia jaotatakse alalisvooluna laiali
nn kuumade ülijuhtide (ingl high-temperature superconductors) kaudu,
mis Koinuma kinnitusel on vahelduvvoolu tekitamisest tõhusam protsess.
Tema visioon näeb ette ülijahutatud kõrgepinge-alalisvooluvõrkude
maatriksit, mille kaudu võiks eeldatavad 100 GW elektrit suunata
vähemalt 500 kilomeetri kaugusele. Isegi kui võrku tuleks jahutada
vedela lämmastikuga, kujuneks sel moel toodetava elektri hind Koinuma
hinnangul ometi konkurentsivõimeliseks.
Kuumadeks ülijuhtideks nimetatakse selliseid materjale, mille omadused
säilivad ülijuhtide jaoks väga kõrgel temperatuuril, umbes -240 kraadi
juures Celsiuse skaalal.
Sahara päikesepaneelide aretusprojekti (mida Koinuma nimetab projektiks
Super Apollo) arendatakse Jaapani teaduse ja tehnoloogia ameti JST ja
Jaapani rahvusvahelise koostöö arendamise ameti JICA koostöös
rahvusvahelise globaalprobleemide uurimisprojekti raames. Töörühm
loodab peagi lahendada hulga takistusi nagu sagedased liivatormid,
vajadus kaableid vedela lämmastikuga jahutada ning
temperatuurikõikumiste kahandamiseks sügavale liiva alla matta jne.
Esmajärgus keskenduvad uurijad oodatavate takistuste ületamisele ja
projekti teostatavuse demonstreerimisele. Üks projekti eesmärke on aga
ka aafriklastest inseneride ja teadlaste koolitamine kogu uurimis- ja
arendusprotsessi läbiviimiseks.
Mullu käivitati veel üks Sahaaras päikeseenergia kogumisele
orienteeritud projekt. Ettevõte Desertec Foundation kavatseb 15
protsenti Euroopa elektrivajadusest rahuldada samuti aastaks 2050,
kasutades selleks aga ilma ülijuhtideta konstrueeritud
alalis-kõrgepinge-ülekannet.
http://forte.delfi.ee/news/teadus/sahara-korb-toidab-2050-aastaks-energiaga-poolt-maailma.d?id=36112699
Indonesian article
Jepang Gunakan
Panas Gurun Sahara Jadi Listrik
Mampu Pasokan Energi Separuh Dunia
Minggu, 5 Desember 2010 | 14:39 WIB
TOKYO, TRIBUN - Proyek yang dilakukan oleh universitas di Algeria dan
Jepang akan membuat Gurun Sahara jadi sumber energi surya. Ambisi
mereka, separuh dunia akan ditenagai sumber energi itu pada tahun 2050.
Proyek bernama Sahara Solar Breeder tersebut dimulai dengan membangun
pabrik untuk mengubah silika yang ada di pasir menjadi silokon dengan
kualitas yang memadai untuk pembuatan panel surya. Pusat tenaga listrik
akan dibuat menggunakan panel surya tersebut. Awalnya, listrik yang
dihasilkan akan dipakai untuk menghasilkan jumlah silikon yang lebih
banyak.
Hideomi Koinuma dari University of Tokyo sekaligus pemimpin tim Jepang
mengatakan kalau belum pernah ada yang memanfaatkan pasir gurun untuk
membuat silikon berkualitas tinggi. "Penggunaan pasir itu adalah
pilihan tepat dan kualitasnya akan cukup baik," katanya.
Listrik yang dihasilkan akan didistribusikan sebagai arus satu arah
menggunakan superkonduktor temperatur tinggi. Koinuma menjelaskan kalau
cara ini lebih efisien ketembang menyalurkan listrik dengan arus
bolak-balik. Ia membayangkan sebuah jaringan listrik bertegangan tinggi
yang bisa menyalurkan listrik 100GW sejauh 500 kilometer.
"Meskipun jaringan ini butuh pendingin super, harganya masih bisa
kompetitif," jelas Koinuma. Sebuah superkonduktor temperatur tinggi
bisa beroperasi pada suhu 240 derajat Celcius.
Beberapa tantangan yang bakal dihadapi oleh tim adalah badai pasir,
penggunaan nitrogen cair untuk mendinginkan kabel, serta mengubur pasir
di dalam kabel untuk meminimalkan perubahan temperatur. Penelitian awal
yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah ini serta
menggambarkan kalau proyek ini bisa dilakukan. Selanjutnya, proyek ini
akan melatih insinyur-insinyur serta peneliti dari Afrika untuk
penelitian dan pengembangan. (nationalgeographic.co.id)
« Artikel Sebelumnya Artikel Selanjutnya »
http://www.tribunjabar.co.id/read/artikel/36056/jepang-gunakan-panas-gurun-sahara-jadi-listrik
Romanian articles
Sahara va
produce jumatate din energia Globului, in viitor
Cel mai mare desert al lumii, Sahara, va putea asigura jumatate din
consumul electric al lumii, panain 2050, daca proiectul dezvoltat de
universitatile din Algeria si Japonia, de montare de centrale electrice
solare, va fi dus la indeplinire.
In cadrul proiectului "Sahara Solar Breeder", cercetatorii propun
construirea unei fabrici pentru producerea siliciului, din nisipul
desertului, ce ar fi utilizat apoi la fabricarea panourilor solare,
care vor furniza energia necesara, informeaza Physorg.
Energia generata de centralele solare plasate in desertul african va fi
apoi transportata in marile retele, prin intermediul unor
supraconductori de temperaturi inalte, raciti cu azot lichid, ce
functioneaza la temperaturi de pana la minus 240 grade Celsius.
Liderul echipei japoneze de cercetatori, Hideomi Koinuma, de la
Universitatea din Tokyo, sustine ca, pana acum, nimeni nu s-a gandit sa
utilizeze nisipul desertului pentru producerea de siliciu de inalta
calitate, folosit la fabricarea panourilor solare.
Fundatia Desertec a lansat, la randu-i, anul trecut, un proiect care
isi propune furnizarea a 15% din necesarul de energie electrica al
Europei, utilizand de aceasta data liniile electrice aeriene de inalta
tensiune.
http://www.studentie.ro/campus/Sahara_va_produce_jumatate_din_energia_Globului_in_viitor/c-65-a-108936
Brazilian articles
Energia Solar
Cientistas
contam com Saara para 50% da energia mundial
Ideia é usar a areia do deserto para construir painéis solares feitos
de silício
05/12/2010 – 14:31
O deserto do Saara, no norte da África, poderá ser responsável por 50%
do suprimento de energia no mundo até 2050, se depender de uma parceria
entre universidades do Japão e da Argélia. Os pesquisadores da
Universidade de Tóquio apostam em dois recursos abundantes no maior
deserto quente do mundo ― areia e luz do sol ― para fazer prosperar
fábricas de painéis solares.
Inicialmente, o projeto, chamado Sahara Solar Breeder Project, pretende
construir uma pequena quantidade de fábricas de silício no Saara. Cada
uma delas transformaria a areia em silício de alta qualidade,
necessário para a construção de painéis solares. Assim que entrarem em
operação, os painéis seriam utilizados para gerar energia para a
construção de outras fábricas, cada uma delas produzindo mais painéis
solares, que ajudariam na construção de mais fábricas, e assim por
diante.
O chefe da equipe japonesa envolvida no projeto, Hideomi Koinuma,
admite que a produção de painéis solares a partir da areia do Saara ou
de outros desertos nunca foi feita antes. Mas acredita ser uma escolha
lógica. "Do ponto de vista químico, da qualidade e da quantidade, a
areia do Saara é difícil de ser superada", disse Koinuma, em entrevista
ao site da revista inglesa New Scientist.
O pesquisador japonês quer utilizar supercondutores de alta temperatura
para distribuir a energia como 'corrente contínua' ― mais eficiente que
a 'corrente alternada' utilizada pela maioria das distribuidoras de
energia. Apesar do nome, os condutores de alta temperatura normalmente
operam a -240 graus celsius. Isso quer dizer que as linhas de
transmissão precisariam ter um sistema de refrigeração bastante
sofisticado.
Concorrente - A parceria nipo-argelina não é o único projeto no Saara
em busca da energia solar. A Desertec Foundation, criada em 2009 com o
intuito de promover "energia limpa a partir dos desertos", também quer
aproveitar o potencial da região. Mas sua estratégia é outra. Para
fornecer 15% da energia elétrica consumida pela Europa até 2050, a
empresa aposta em usinas termelétricas solares, sem a utilização da
areia nem de supercondutores. Trata-se de uma tecnologia mais barata
que não precisa de refrigeração e já é utilizada diversos projetos no
mundo.
http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/ciencia/cientistas-querem-fornecer-50-da-eletricidade-mundial-ate-2050-utilizando-o-deserto-do-saara
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